Rapid Vascular Adaptations to Training and Detraining in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract 

Thijssen DH, Ellenkamp R, Smits P, Hopman MT. Rapid vascular adaptations to training and detraining in persons with spinal cord injury.

Objective

To assess the time course of arterial adaptations during 6 weeks of functional electric stimulation (FES) training and 6 weeks of detraining in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design

Intervention study (before-after trial).

Setting

University medical center.

Participants

Volunteer sample of 9 subjects with SCI.

Interventions

Six weeks of twice weekly FES cycling and 6 weeks of detraining.

Main Outcome Measures

Vascular characteristics were measured by plethysmography (baseline and peak blood flow of the thigh) and echo Doppler (diameter of the femoral artery and flow-mediated dilation [FMD]).

Results

After 2 weeks of FES training, arterial characteristics changed significantly; there was an increase in baseline and peak blood flow, an increase in femoral artery diameter, and a decrease in FMD of the femoral artery. Detraining reversed baseline and peak thigh blood flow, vascular resistance, and femoral diameter toward pretraining values within 1 week. However, detraining did not restore the FMD of the femoral artery, even after 6 weeks.

Conclusions

Two weeks of hybrid FES training (4 exercise bouts) is sufficient to improve peak leg blood flow and arterial diameter, and to normalize FMD. In addition, detraining results in rapidly reversed vascular characteristics within 1 week.

Key Words:  Doppler ultrasound , Endothelium , Exercise , Rehabilitation , Spinal cord injuries , Vasodilation