Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 2 , Pages 216-221 , February 2006

Atomoxetine Enhances a Short-Term Model of Plasticity in Humans

References 

  1. Nudo R . Adaptive plasticity in motor cortex (implications for rehabilitation after brain injury) . J Rehabil Med . 2003;41(Suppl):7–10
  2. Nudo R . Functional and structural plasticity in motor cortex (implications for stroke recovery) . Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am . 2003;14(1 Suppl):S57–S76
  3. Butefisch CM , Davis BC , Sawaki L , et al.   Modulation of use-dependent plasticity by d-amphetamine . Ann Neurol . 2002;51:59–68
  4. Classen J , Liepert J , Wise SP , Hallett M , Cohen LG . Rapid plasticity of human cortical movement representation induced by practice . J Neurophysiol . 1998;79:1117–1123
  5. Walker-Batson D , Smith P , Curtis S , Unwin H , Greenlee R . Amphetamine paired with physical therapy accelerates motor recovery after stroke . Stroke . 1995;26:2254–2259
  6. Treig T , Werner C , Sachse M , Hesse S . No benefit from D-amphetamine when added to physiotherapy after stroke (a randomized, placebo-controlled study) . Clin Rehabil . 2003;17:590–599
  7. Long D , Young J . Dexamphetamine treatment in stroke . Q J Med . 2003;96:673–685
  8. Goldstein LB , Rabadi M , Lennihan L , et al.   The Amphetamine Enhanced Stroke Recovery (AESR) Trial . Proceedings of the 28th International Stroke Conference . 2004; Feb 13-15; Phoenix (AZ). No. CTP39
  9. Goldstein LB . Neuropharmacology of TBI-induced plasticity . Brain Inj . 2003;17:685–694
  10. Martinsson L , Wahlgreen NG . Safety of dexamphetamine in acute ischemic stroke (a randomized, double-blind controlled dose-escalation trial) . Stroke . 2003;34:475–481
  11. Kuczenski R , Segal DS , Cho AK , Melega W . Hippocampus norepinephrine, caudate dopamine and serotonin, and behavioral responses to the stereoisomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine . J Neurosci . 1995;15:1308–1317
  12. Feeney DM , Weisend MP , Kline AE . Noradrenergic pharmacotherapy, intracerebral infusion and adrenal transplantation promote functional recovery after cortical damage . J Neural Transplant Plast . 1993;4:199–213
  13. Plewnia C , Hoppe J , Cohen LG , Gerloff C . Improved motor skill acquisition after selective stimulation of central norepinephrine . Neurology . 2004;62:2124–2126
  14. Floel A , Sawaki L , Breitenstein C , et al.   Dopaminergenic influences on formation of a motor memory . Ann Neurol . 2005;58:121–130
  15. Dayan L , Finberg JP . L-dopa increases noradrenaline turnover in central and peripheral nervous systems . Neuropsychopharmacology . 2003;45:524–533
  16. Gehlert DR , Schober DA , Hemrick-Luecke SK , et al.   Novel halogenated analogs of tomoxetine that are potent and selective inhibitors of norepinephrine uptake in brain . Neurochem Int . 1995;26:47–52
  17. Bymaster FP , Katner JS , Nelson DL , et al.   Atomoxetine increase extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in profronal cortex of rat (a potential mechanism for efficacy in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder) . Neuropsychopharmacology . 2002;27:699–711
  18. Heil SH , Holmes HW , Bickel WK , et al.   Comparison of the subjective, physiological, and psychomotor effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in light drug users . Drug Alcohol Depend . 2002;67:149–156
  19. Wernicke JF , Faries D , Girod D , et al.   Cardiovascular effects of atomoxetine in children, adolescents and adults . Drug Saf . 2003;26:729–740
  20. Saletu B , Grunberger J , Anderer P , Linzmayer L , Semlitsch HV , Magni G . Pharmacodynamics of venlafaxine evaluated by EEG brain mapping, psychometry and psychophysiology . Br J Pharmacol . 1992;33:589–601
  21. Koch S , Hemrick-Luecke SK , Thompson LK , et al.   Comparison of effects of dual transporter inhibitors on monoamine transporters and extracellular levels in rats . Neuropsychopharmacology . 2003;45:935–944
  22. David DJ , Bourin M , Jego G , Przybylski C , Jolliet P , Gardier AM . Effects of acute treatment with paroxetine, citalopram and venlafaxine in vivo on noradrenaline and serotonin outflow (a microdialysis study in Swiss mice) . Br J Pharmacol . 2003;140:1128–1136
  23. Beyer CE , Boikess S , Luo B , Dawson LA . Comparison of the effects of antidepressants on norepinephrine and serotonin concentrations in the rat frontal cortex (an in-vivo microdialysis study) . J Psychopharmacol . 2002;16:297–304
  24. Rudolph RL , Fabre LF , Feighner JP , Rickels K , Entsuah R , Derivan AT . A randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial of venlafaxine hydrochloride in the treatment of major depression . J Clin Psychiatry . 1998;59:116–122
  25. Sawaki L , Yaseen Z , Kopylev L , Cohen LG . Age-dependent changes in the ability to encode a novel elementary motor memory . Ann Neurol . 2003;53:521–524
  26. Witcher JW , Long A , Smith B , et al.   Atomoxetine pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol . 2003;13:53–63
  27. Rossini PM , Barker AT , Berardelli A , et al.   Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots (basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application) . Report of an IFCN committee. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol . 1994;91:79–92
  28. Stanton PK , Sarvey JM . Depletion of norepinephrine, but not serotonin, reduces long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices . J Neurosci . 1985;5:2169–2176
  29. Izumi Y , Zorumski CF . Norepinephrine promotes long-term potentiation in the adult rat hippocampus in vitro . Synapse . 1999;31:196–202
  30. Dahl D , Sarvey JM . Norepinephrine induces pathway-specific long-lasting potentiation and depression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 1989;86:4776–4780
  31. Murchison CF , Zhang XY , Zhang WP , Ouyang M , Lee A , Thomas SA . A distinct role for norepinephrine in memory retrieval . Cell . 2004;117:131–143
  32. Boyeson MG , Feeney DM . Intraventricular norepinephrine facilitates motor recovery following sensorimotor cortex injury . Pharmacol Biochem Behav . 1990;35:497–501
  33. Goldstein L . Effects of amphetamines and small related molecules on recovery after stroke in animals and man . Neuropharmacology . 2000;39:852–859
  34. Feeney DM , Westerberg VS . Norepinephrine and brain damage (alpha noradrenergic pharmacology alters functional recovery after cortical trauma) . Can J Psychol . 1990;44:233–252
  35. Goldstein L  The Sygen In Acute Stroke Study Investigators . Common drugs may influence motor recovery after stroke . Neurology . 1995;45:865–871
  36. Ziemann U . TMS and drugs . Clin Neurophysiol . 2004;115:1717–1729
  37. Pleger B , Schwenkreis P , Grunberg C , Malin JP , Tegenthoff M . Fluoxetine facilitates use-dependent excitability of human primary motor cortex . Clin Neurophysiol . 2004;115:2157–2163
  38. Ilic TV , Korchounov A , Ziemann U . Complex modulation of human motor cortex excitability by the specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline . Neurosci Lett . 2002;319:116–120
  39. Robol E , Fiaschi A , Manganotti P . Effects of citalopram on the excitability of the human motor cortex (a paired magnetic stimulation study) . J Neurol Sci . 2004;221:41–46
  40. Werhahn KJ , Forderreuther S , Straube A . Effects of the serotonin1B/1D receptor agonist zolmitriptan on motor cortical excitability in humans . Neurology . 1998;51:896–898
  41. Loubinoux I , Pariente J , Boulanouar K , et al.   A single dose of the serotonin neurotransmission agonist paroxetine enhances motor output (double-blind, placebo-controlled, fMRI study in healthy subjects) . Neuroimage . 2002;15:26–36
  42. Pariente J , Loubinoux I , Carel C , et al.   Fluoxetine modulates motor performance and cerebral activation of patients recovering from stroke . Ann Neurol . 2001;50:718–729
  43. Muellbacher W , Ziemann U , Boroojerdi B , Cohen L , Hallett M . Role of the human motor cortex in rapid motor learning . Exp Brain Res . 2001;136:431–438

 Supported by Wake Forest University (intramural grant no. BG 03-644). Drugs used in this study were provided by the Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center pharmacy.No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

PII: S0003-9993(05)01274-8

doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.08.131

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Volume 87, Issue 2 , Pages 216-221 , February 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution